How to Discuss Pain Management and Anesthesia Options

Updated December 2025

For many patients, the most stressful part of planning surgery isn’t scars or cost—it’s pain and anesthesia. The good news: modern anesthesia plus multimodal pain protocols make comfort and safety better than ever. The key is an informed conversation. When you understand options (local, sedation, general), how your team prevents nausea and over-sedation, and what you’ll take home for pain control, you can move forward with clarity instead of fear.

This guide shows you how a safety-first practice talks about anesthesia, what a smart pain plan looks like, how to compare surgeons’ approaches, the exact questions to ask, red flags to avoid, and which documents to request before you put down a deposit.

Start With Safety (Comfort Begins With Systems)

Before discussing meds and preferences, verify the backbone of safe anesthesia and pain management:

• True board certification. For plastic surgery, seek American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) certification—recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS).
• Hospital privileges. Your surgeon should have active privileges for your planned procedure, providing peer oversight and a transfer pathway for rare emergencies.
• Accredited facility. The operating site should be accredited by AAAASF, The Joint Commission (JCAHO), or AAAHC, with a current certificate and recent inspection date.
• Qualified anesthesia, present the entire case. An MD anesthesiologist or CRNA remains in the room start-to-finish with modern monitoring (ECG, pulse oximetry, non-invasive blood pressure, and capnography for moderate/deep sedation and general anesthesia).

If these elements are unclear, pause the conversation and clarify—comfort depends on this foundation.

Anesthesia Options in Plain Language

Local Anesthesia (numbing only)

• What it is: Injected numbing medicine at the surgical site.
• Use cases: Minor lesion removal, small revisions, limited eyelid or scar work.
• Pros: Fast recovery, minimal systemic effects, you leave quickly.
• Considerations: You’re awake; good for short, focused procedures.

Local With Oral/IV Sedation (“Twilight”)

• What it is: Local numbing plus medication to relax or lightly sleep. Depth varies from minimal to deep.
• Use cases: Many eyelid, small lipo, limited facial procedures, some breast revisions.
• Pros: Often smoother wake-up, less nausea; can be tailored to you.
• Considerations: You need continuous monitoring and an anesthesia professional present. You still may hear or feel pressure; not ideal for long or complex cases.

General Anesthesia

• What it is: You’re fully asleep with airway support; depth is precisely controlled.
• Use cases: Abdominoplasty, combination cases (mommy makeover, facelift + neck), BBL, many primary breast operations, rhinoplasty.
• Pros: Secure airway, immobility, precise control over depth for longer cases.
• Considerations: Requires full monitoring, qualified anesthesia presence, and careful nausea/pain planning to avoid over-sedation or rough wake-ups.

Regional/Field Blocks (adjuncts)

• What it is: Nerve blocks (e.g., intercostal/pec blocks for breast, TAP block for tummy) that reduce pain signals for hours to a day.
• Pros: Lower opioid needs, easier early recovery.
• Considerations: Discuss duration, potential numbness, and rare risks (bleeding, local anesthetic toxicity).

What a High-Quality Pain Plan Looks Like (Multimodal)

The safest, most comfortable recoveries use multiple small tools instead of one heavy tool:

• Pre-op: Anti-nausea strategy (PONV risk screening), acetaminophen/NSAID timing if appropriate, anxiety reduction plan, scopolamine patch if indicated.
• Intra-op: Local infiltration at incisions, regional blocks when helpful, temperature management to reduce chills and pain, careful fluids to reduce nausea.
• Post-op: Scheduled non-opioids first (acetaminophen, NSAIDs if safe), reserve opioids for breakthrough pain at the lowest effective dose and shortest duration; stool softeners; anti-nausea meds; icing/elevation/garments/positioning guidance; sleep strategies.
• Home education: Written instructions with exact dosing times, maximum daily totals, mixing rules, and what to do if pain spikes at night.

Modern protocols aim to keep you comfortable, clear-headed, and moving safely—without over-sedation.

Personal Factors That Shape Your Anesthesia & Pain Plan

• Medication list: GLP-1 agents, anticoagulants, SSRIs/SNRIs, benzodiazepines, ADHD meds, hormones/HRT/COCs, herbal supplements (ginkgo, fish oil).
• Health conditions: Sleep apnea (CPAP use), GERD, diabetes, thyroid disease, asthma, chronic pain disorders, migraine/PONV history.
• Substance use: Nicotine/vaping (healing risk), alcohol, cannabis (can affect sedation requirements), prior opioid exposure/tolerance.
• Menstrual cycle & hormones: Can influence swelling, bruising, and perceived pain.
• Anxiety level & coping style: May favor a specific approach (e.g., light sedation vs. general for longer cases).
• Home support: A strong support person allows safer, lighter regimens and fewer overnight worries.

Tell your team the full picture—honesty creates safer plans.

Questions to Ask During Your Consultation (Copy/Paste This Table)

Topic	Example Question
Anesthesia choice	“Which anesthesia type do you recommend for my procedure and why?”
Anesthesia presence	“Who provides anesthesia, will they be present the entire case, and what monitoring do you use (including capnography)?”
Regional blocks	“Will I receive any nerve blocks? How long do they last and what are the trade-offs?”
PONV prevention	“What is your anti-nausea strategy based on my risk?”
Pain protocol	“What is your multimodal pain plan—scheduled non-opioids first, then opioids only if needed?”
At-home meds	“Please list my exact take-home medications with doses and timing, plus maximum daily totals.”
Side effects	“How do we manage constipation, itching, night pain, or sleep without over-sedation?”
Safety systems	“Which accredited facility will we use, and what is your emergency readiness (crash cart, defibrillator, transfer plan)?”
DVT prevention	“What is your DVT protocol (risk scoring, compression, medication if indicated), especially if anesthesia time is longer?”
After-hours & refills	“If I’m in pain at 10 pm, who do I call? What is your after-hours process and refill policy?”

Take notes verbatim; precise answers reflect real systems.

Red Flags to Watch For

• Anesthesia opacity: No named anesthesia provider, no guarantee of continuous presence, or no capnography for moderate/deep sedation.
• One-size-fits-all pain plan: “We always give X,” with no tailoring for your meds or conditions.
• Opioid-first approach: No scheduled non-opioids; vague dosing; refill promises without monitoring.
• No PONV strategy: “We’ll see how you do.” Prior nausea history ignored.
• Facility unknown: Can’t produce accreditation or last inspection date.
• No emergency plan: Team can’t show crash cart/defibrillator or state transfer agreements.
• Pressure talk: “Scarless/no downtime/perfect comfort”—medicine deals in ranges, not promises.

Two or more red flags? Seek another opinion.

Turning the Conversation Into Documentation (What to Get in Writing)

Before paying a deposit, ask the practice to email:

• Anesthesia plan (type, named provider credentials, continuous presence, monitoring standards including capnography for moderate/deep sedation)
• Pain regimen with exact dosing schedule (what to start the night before/ morning of, what to continue on a clock, maximum daily totals, what to avoid mixing)
• Regional block details (if used): expected duration, activity precautions, and when sensation returns
• PONV plan (medications/patches and when to remove/replace)
• DVT prevention plan (risk score, compression devices, medication if indicated, early ambulation)
• Emergency readiness (crash cart/defibrillator availability, drill cadence, transfer agreement)
• Facility accreditation (certificate + inspection date) and hospital privileges confirmation for your procedure
• After-hours contact (who answers, typical response time), refill policy, and safe storage/disposal guidance for any opioids
• Recovery roadmap (work-capable vs. photo-comfortable windows; garments/positioning; icing/elevation; driving rules)
• Itemized quote (surgeon, anesthesia, facility, garments/meds, likely extras)

No documents? No booking.

Procedure-Specific Anesthesia & Pain Nuances

Facelift/Neck Lift

• Typical: General anesthesia or deep sedation with airway protection; scalp/neck local infiltration; BP control to reduce hematoma risk.
• Pain keys: Scheduled acetaminophen/NSAID (if safe), icing, head elevation, anti-nausea plan; avoid coughing/straining early.

Rhinoplasty

• Typical: General anesthesia; local infiltration for post-op comfort.
• Pain keys: Usually moderate discomfort/pressure; strong PONV strategy; humidification/saline rinses per protocol; avoid heavy opioids.

Breast Augmentation/Lift/Reduction

• Typical: General anesthesia plus pectoral blocks (PECs I/II) or local field blocks.
• Pain keys: Scheduled non-opioids, stool softeners, bra/garment education, sleep positioning; clear lifting timeline.

Abdominoplasty

• Typical: General anesthesia; TAP block; robust DVT plan.
• Pain keys: Multimodal regimen, flexed positioning, garment choreography, early gentle ambulation; constipation prevention emphasized.

Liposuction/BBL

• Typical: General or deep sedation; tumescent local widely used; temperature management.
• Pain keys: Garment plan, strict off-loading/sitting rules (BBL), scheduled non-opioids, hydration; avoid excessive opioids (fall risk).

Blepharoplasty

• Typical: Local with oral/IV sedation or general for combined cases.
• Pain keys: Lubricating drops/ointment schedule, head elevation, cold compresses; screen-time limits to reduce eye strain; gentle non-opioids suffice for many.

Special Topics You Shouldn’t Skip

PONV (Post-Op Nausea and Vomiting)

• Ask for risk scoring and a layered plan: pre-op patch (if indicated) + intra-op antiemetics + post-op prescriptions.

OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea)

• If you use CPAP, bring settings and device plan. Over-sedation risk means tighter monitoring and cautious opioid use.

Cannabis, Alcohol, and Caffeine

• Regular cannabis may increase anesthetic requirements; disclose frequency and method. Alcohol and caffeine withdrawal can affect nausea and headaches—ask for tailored advice.

Opioid Stewardship

• Expect the smallest practical amount with clear tapering. Ask about non-opioid nighttime strategies (acetaminophen schedule, gabapentinoids if indicated, positioning, cooling, white noise).

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)

• Rare, but centers should have lipid emulsion and protocols. Ask how staff are trained to recognize and treat it.

Night-One Playbook (What Good Instructions Include)

• Dosing grid from surgery end-time through the first 48–72 hours (clock-based, not “as needed” only).
• Stacking rules: How acetaminophen and NSAIDs fit together; what not to combine.
• Breakthrough pain plan: When a small opioid dose is appropriate—and when to call.
• Nausea plan: Which tablets/patches you have and when to use them.
• Constipation prevention: Start same day (stool softener + gentle laxative as advised).
• Sleep plan: Positioning, elevation, cold/warmth guidance, and what to avoid (alcohol, unadvised sedatives).
• Safety: No driving, no important decisions, and no mixing sedatives/opioids without explicit guidance.

Tape this to your fridge and give a copy to your care partner.

How to Compare Two Pain/Anesthesia Plans Objectively

Create a one-page matrix with columns for each surgeon and score (1–5):

• Anesthesia clarity (named provider, continuous presence, monitoring)
• Facility accreditation transparency (certificate + inspection date)
• Tailoring to your meds/conditions (OSA, GLP-1, anticoagulants, migraines)
• Multimodal detail (scheduled non-opioids, blocks, local infiltration)
• PONV prevention strategy quality
• DVT prevention protocol
• Recovery roadmap specificity (work-capable vs. photo-comfortable, garment/positioning)
• After-hours access and refill policy
• Written documents completeness

Choose the plan that keeps you comfortable, functional, and safe—on paper.

Sample Dialogue Snippets You Can Borrow

You prefer lighter anesthesia where safe.“I’m comfortable with sedation if appropriate. For my procedure, could we compare light/deep sedation versus general, including airway and monitoring differences, and how you’d decide day-of?”

You’re anxious about nausea.“I’ve had severe nausea after surgery. What layered PONV strategy will we use, and can we avoid opioid-forward plans?”

You want clarity on opioids.“I prefer minimal opioids. What is my scheduled non-opioid plan, what does a breakthrough dose look like, and what’s the taper?”

You have sleep apnea.“I use CPAP. How will this affect anesthesia choice, monitoring, and night-one safety?”

FAQs

Is general anesthesia riskier than deep sedation?
Risk depends on your health, procedure length, and the team’s systems. A properly monitored general anesthetic with a dedicated provider can be safer than deep sedation without airway control for long cases. Decide with your anesthesia professional.

Can I request no opioids?
Often yes for select procedures when multimodal plans are optimized—but stay flexible. A small rescue dose may be safer than suffering or spiking blood pressure.

How long will nerve blocks last?
Most last several hours up to a day. Ask about expected duration, numbness precautions, and when pain might “break through” so you can preempt it with scheduled meds.

What if I wake up nauseated?
Tell your team your history beforehand; you should receive layered prevention. If nausea still occurs, additional rescue meds are available—ask how to use them at home.

When can I drive after anesthesia?
Not the day of surgery, and not while taking opioids or sedatives. Your surgeon will give a specific window based on the operation and meds.

Your Pain & Anesthesia Readiness Checklist (Print and Use)

• I confirmed ABPS certification, hospital privileges, accredited facility, and a named anesthesia provider with continuous presence and capnography monitoring for moderate/deep sedation or general anesthesia.
• I disclosed my full medication and health history (including OSA/CPAP, GLP-1, anticoagulants, migraines, cannabis/alcohol).
• I understand which anesthesia type we’ll use and why, plus any regional blocks.
• I received a multimodal pain plan in writing with exact doses and timing, max daily totals, and no-mix rules.
• I have a layered PONV strategy, DVT prevention plan, and emergency readiness details.
• I know the after-hours contact, refill policy, and safe storage/disposal steps.
• I have a realistic recovery roadmap (work-capable vs. photo-comfortable; garments; positioning).
• I felt no pressure to book and will review documents calmly before deciding.

Find Your Match

Ready to plan surgery with comfort and safety at the center? AestheticMatch connects you with board-certified, pre-vetted plastic surgeons who partner with dedicated anesthesia professionals and provide clear, multimodal pain plans—so you can recover comfortably and confidently.